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益生菌碰上高血壓

high blood pressure/ hypertension, gut microbiome

精簡版於2018年4月20日晴報刊登

高血壓現在已經是一個非常普遍的都市病。根據衛生署最新指引,前期高血壓界定為收縮壓>120 mmHg、舒張壓>80 mmHg,且隨着年齡遞增和血管老化都會令到血壓有所提升。高血壓導致運送人體重要器官的血流量不足,嚴重的可以導致心肌梗塞、中風、甚至死亡。要處理高血壓的問題,當然我們先要有健康的生活習慣、充足的運動和均衡的飲食習慣。還要多吃蔬菜水果,減少鹽分的吸收和少吃脂肪含量高的食物。高膽固醇、腸道炎症、睡眠窒息和肥胖等等都是增加患有高血壓風險的元兇。除此之外,很多研究報告指出腸道益生菌和高血壓的出現有明顯的因果關係。今次我們就逐一跟大家分享這些有趣的研究。


科學家一般都相信腸道炎症和高血壓有密切的關係。 血液中的「c反應蛋白」(CRP,C-Reactive Protein)反映炎症指數。如其濃度持續高企,患上高血壓的機率就會高四倍之多。研究指出,如果負責製造醋酸鹽(acetate)和丁酸鹽(butyrate)的腸道菌減少,硬壁菌/擬桿菌的比例增加,便會導致高血壓的出現,這也是腸道菌落失衡的表現。

 

很多科學文獻都證明透過進食益生菌可以改善腸道細菌失衡和炎症問題;例如攝取乾酪乳桿菌(Lactobacillus casei)、短雙歧桿菌(Bifidobacterium breve)和低聚半乳糖(GOS;Galacto-oligosaccharides)能夠有效降低血液的c反應蛋白和炎症指數。亦有研究發現,進食益生菌如鼠李糖乳桿菌GG(Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG,LGG)、瑞士乳酸桿菌(Lactobacillus helveticus)、加氏乳桿菌(Lactobacillus gasseri)、羅伊乳酸桿菌(Lactobacillus reuteri)和雙歧桿菌(Bifidobacterium)會令白血球巨噬細胞(macrophage)製造更多血管舒張因子一氧化氮(NO; Nitric Oxide),從而令血壓降低。

 

高血膽固醇量亦會導致高血壓;最近研究指出攝取羅伊乳酸桿菌能夠降低低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL)12%,總膽固醇9%和非高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(non-HDL Cholesterol)達11%。雖然具體機制還有待發現,但一般都相信是這些益生菌製造的丁酸鹽能有効抑壓身體製造膽固醇。



總括而言,高血壓和腸道細菌失衡有着密切的關係,服用益生菌能有效改善腸道炎症問題,而高血壓亦可能會有一定程度的改善。

 

參考資料/延伸閱讀:

<益生第一關>2017/01/27--『認識膽固醇』

https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/1638124/%E8%AA%8D%E8%AD%98%E8%86%BD%E5%9B%BA%E9%86%87

 

Google Images: 益生菌 高血壓  probiotics hypertension

 

Easy Reading:

衛生署香港高血壓參考概覽 - 成年高血壓患者在基層醫療的護理

https://www.pco.gov.hk/tc_chi/resource/professionals_hypertension_pdf.html

 

福布斯中文网2014年7月23日: 长期食用益生菌有助于降低血压?

3g.forbeschina.com/review/201407/0034520.shtml

 

華人健康網 2017年11月24日
益生菌不只顧腸道!研究:有助於預防高血壓

http://a.msn.com/05/zh-tw/BBFyWdT?ocid=se

 

Science Daily. November 15, 2017: Gut microbes can protect against high blood pressure: Strain of intestinal bacteria can stop a high-salt diet from inducing inflammatory response linked to hypertension

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/11/171115130859.htm

 

References

Daliri EB, Lee BH, Oh DH. (2017) Current Perspectives on Antihypertensive Probiotics. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 9:91-101.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12602-016-9241-y


Korhonen R, Korpela R, Saxelin M et al (2001) Induction of nitric oxide synthesis by probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in J774 macrophages and human T84 intestinal epithelial cells. Inflammation 25:223–232

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1010971703271

 

Yang T, Santisteban MM, Rodriguez V et al (2015) Gut dysbiosis is linked to hypertension. Hypertension 65:1331–1340

http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/65/6/1331.short

 

Jones ML, Martoni CJ, Prakash S (2012) Cholesterol lowering and inhibition of sterol absorption by Lactobacillus reuteri NCIMB 30242: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 66:1234–1241

https://www.nature.com/articles/ejcn2012126

 

Ooi LG, Ahmad R, Yuen KH et al (2010) Lactobacillus gasseri [corrected] CHO-220 and inulin reduced plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol via alteration of lipid transporters. J Dairy Sci 93:5048–5058

http://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(10)00545-X/abstract

 

Sugawara G, Nagino M, Nishio H, Ebata T, Takagi K, Asahara T, Nomoto K, Nimura Y Perioperative synbiotic treatment to prevent postoperative infectious complications in biliary cancer surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg 244:8

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1856608/

 

Robles-Vera I, Toral M, Romero M, Jiménez R, Sánchez M, Pérez-Vizcaíno F,Duarte J. (2017)Antihypertensive Effects of Probiotics. Curr Hypertens Rep. 19:26.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11906-017-0723-4 

 

Antza C, Stabouli S, Kotsis V. (2018) Gut microbiota in kidney disease and hypertension. Pharmacol Res. Feb 26. pii: S1043-6618(17)31319-1.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1043661817313191 

 

Marques, F. Z., Mackay, C. R., & Kaye, D. M. (2018). Beyond gut feelings: how the gut microbiota regulates blood pressure. Nature Rev Cardiol, 15:20.

https://www.nature.com/articles/nrcardio.2017.120 

 

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