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聖誕大魚大肉,食多左會點?

精簡版於2018年12月28日晴報刊登

 

節日當然要盡興歡騰,而節日飲食一般比平日多肉類、脂肪、甜品。短時間且急劇的飲食轉變,會為腸道菌群帶來什麼改變?

 

一項研究探究短期過量進食對腸道菌的影響,研究人員找來14位健康男士,他們在7天內進食典型聖誕大餐:大幅增加能量、動物蛋白質、碳水化合物、脂肪,比平日高出超過40%。對比節日飲食前後,他們的腸道菌在一周內已出現改變:總細菌量、與減肥成功率有關的擬桿菌屬/普雷沃氏菌屬比例(Bacteroides / Prevotella)明顯增加(p<0.01),也觀察到部份人的腸道益菌,如乳酸桿菌和雙歧桿菌,亦有所減少(p>0.1)。由於研究只進行一周,其他改變並不明顯,而且不知道改變會否持續,但值得注意的是擬桿菌屬增加。

 

擬桿菌屬是人體常見的細菌,對食物代謝、營養攝取都有作用,但數量過多時與一些腸道問題有關聯,例如發炎性腸道疾病(Inflammatory Bowel Disease, IBD),有腹痛、腹瀉、血便等症狀。一項研究比較IBD患者與健康人士的腸黏液細菌,發現IBD患者的擬桿菌屬較多。擬桿菌屬的部份菌種能產生毒素,或與腸癌有關。

 

進食大魚大肉的節日餐點後,身體代謝分解這些高蛋白質食物過程中,或會產生致癌物質,例如亞硝酸胺(Nitrosamine)。而一些益生菌(如雙歧桿菌、嗜酸乳桿菌)能製造乳酸、短鏈脂肪酸等,可抑制致病菌、及中和致癌物質。大家可隨餐進食優質乳酪,或Probiolife 益纖菌也含有上述兩種益生菌。想知更多自助餐健康攻略及家中派對貼士,請閱讀前兩篇『健康的節日飲食 1及2

 

最後,祝大家元旦快樂、新年進步!

 

 

 

參考資料/延伸閱讀:

 

<益生第一關> 2017/12/22--『健康的節日飲食』

https://hskgene.com/blogs/probiolife-first/christmas-eat-healthy

<益生第一關>2018/03/02--『時差影響腸道細菌』

https://hskgene.com/blogs/probiolife-first/jet_lag

 

Google Images: Christmas overindulgence probiotics 消化不良 補充 益纖菌

Easy Reading:

How to stay healthy over Christmas

https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/howto/guide/how-stay-healthy-over-christmas

 

學術論文:

Gougoulias, C., Sandaradura, S., Meng, X., Perz, A. C., Leeds, A. R., & Thomas, L. V. (2009). SPECIAL PAPER Changes in the intestinal microbiota after a short period of dietary over-indulgence, representative of a holiday or festival season. Food Science and Technology Bulletin: Functional Foods5(5), 51-59.

https://books.google.com.hk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=bs9FunAxcVIC&oi=fnd&pg=PA51&dq=changes+in+the+intestinal+microbiota+after+a+short+period+of+dietary+over-indulgence&ots=jhLhFcbxAX&sig=U57TaaDQjypQx2CwXSuFPK7_hNA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=changes%20in%20the%20intestinal%20microbiota%20after%20a%20short%20period%20of%20dietary%20over-indulgence&f=true

 

Lucke, K., Miehlke, S., Jacobs, E., & Schuppler, M. (2006). Prevalence of Bacteroides and Prevotella spp. in ulcerative colitis. Journal of medical microbiology55(5), 617-624.

http://jmm.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.46198-0#R41

Kailasapathy, K., & Chin, J. (2000). Survival and therapeutic potential of probiotic organisms with reference to Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp. Immunology and cell biology78(1), 80-88.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1440-1711.2000.00886.x

 

 Hjorth MF, Roager HM, Larsen TM, Poulsen SK, Licht TR, Bahl MI, Zohar Y, Astrup A. (2018).Pre-treatment microbial Prevotella-to-Bacteroides ratio, determines body fat loss success during a 6-month randomized controlled diet intervention.  International Journal of Obesity 42(3):580-583.

https://www.nature.com/articles/ijo2017220

 

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