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癡肥的遺傳(二)

 

小朋友長大後會否患有癡肥、糖尿等疾病受多方因素影響;先天因素:如基因,或是環境因素:如生活習慣等。多項研究指出,懷孕期間的環境因素亦十分重要,不單會影響胎兒發育,更可同時影響嬰兒長大後患心血管病/糖尿二型/癡肥的風險。當中一種最重要的環境因素便是懷孕母親的飲食。

 

近年的研究指出,懷孕時母親的飲食會改變表觀遺傳、影響下一代的腸道微生物組發展及母體腸道微生物的轉移。除上回提到的表觀遺傳對癡肥的影響外,亦與腸道微生物群發展不平衡或不穩定有關,這些都會持續影響嬰兒的一生。可幸的是,上一代母親懷孕時因飲食習慣而促成的癡肥傾向並不會跨代遺傳,換言之,如下一代母親懷孕時能調整飲食,仍可以減少家族性癡肥的遺傳的機會。

 

懷孕時應確保營養充足,但亦要避免過量進食。懷孕時攝取過量的卡路里,可令嬰兒長大後的癡肥或患有代謝疾病的機會上升。而母親懷孕時進食不足,則有可能會令子宮內胎兒生長遲滯,並有較大機會有糖尿病和胰島素抗性

 

懷孕時,有些營養素會影響嬰兒長大後患代謝疾病和癡肥的風險。上回提到,葉酸是其中一種用於建構嬰兒表觀遺傳的甲基化化學物質。研究發現,懷孕時不足葉酸有機會增加嬰兒胰島素抗性丶血壓及其他癡肥相關代謝疾病的風險。 葉酸亦可由腸道內的雙歧桿菌(Bifidobacterium sp.) 製造,服食相關益生菌亦是補充葉酸的一種方法。

 

精簡版於2019年7月25日晴報刊登

 

參考資料/延伸閱讀:

 

<益生第一關>2019/07/05--『 癡肥的遺傳(一) 』

https://hskgene.com/blogs/probiolife-first/epigenetics_obesity

 

Google images:

obesity maternal diet癡肥母親遺傳

 

 

Easy Reading:

High-fat diets raise risk of obesity in offspring

https://www.nature.com/news/high-fat-diets-raise-risk-of-obesity-in-offspring-1.19556

  

Maternal Obesity and Diabetes Linked to Autism in Children

https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/maternal-obesity-and-diabetes-linked-to-autism-in-children-64878

 

營養與減肥

https://www.nestle.com.hk/nhw/nutritioninformation/weightmanage/nutritionweightloss

 

學術論文:

    Conterno, L., Fava, F, et. al. (2011). Obesity and the gut microbiota: does up-regulating colonic fermentation protect against obesity and metabolic disease? Genes & Nutrition, 6(3), 241–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12263-011-0230-1

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21559992

 

Li, Y. (2018). Epigenetic mechanisms link maternal diets and gut microbiome to obesity in the offspring. Frontiers in Genetics. 2018; 9: 342.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2018.00342

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2018.00342/full

 

Rossi, M., Amaretti A., et. al. Folate Production by Probiotic Bacteria. Nutrients. 2011 Jan; 3(1): 118–134.

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu3010118

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3257725/

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