[K12] 口腔益生菌抗疫 減低呼吸道感染

精簡版於2022年03月04日晴報刊登

 

最近本港疫情嚴峻,染疫人數大幅上升。大家除了保持社交距離、避免不必要的外出/聚會外，亦要維持身體健康。前文亦曾提及，口腔健康對個人免疫力，尤其是預防呼吸道感染,極為重要。

牙周病新冠重症增  口腔微生態呼吸道尤關

英國有大型研究在2020到2021年間追蹤了萬多名參與者，發現牙周病(Periodontitis)和增加感染新冠病毒風險有關。印度亦有研究比較七十多名有和沒有感染新冠受試者的口腔狀況，結果顯示新冠病毒風險與牙齦炎(gingivitis)、牙周病等有明顯關係。中東地區卡達(Qatar)的研究更指出，有牙周病的新冠患者，病情嚴重至入住深切治療部的風險比一般高3.54倍、需使用呼吸機風險高4 .57倍，而死亡風險更高達8.81倍。可見口腔健康與感染新冠病毒的病情有所關聯。

前文亦曾提及，口腔微生物不單影響牙齒健康，更與呼吸系統感染(如新冠病毒)有關。意大利有團隊研究唾液中的口腔微生物與新冠患者病毒量的關係，發現病毒量與口腔微生物如能引發炎症反應的韋榮氏球菌(Veillonea)及普雷沃氏菌(Prevotella)等有正面關係。而在新冠感染者的肺部微生物的綜合分析中，亦發現較多的普雷沃氏菌。美國有研究指出，患有「長新冠(long COVID)」(新冠症狀持續十周以上)的感染者，其口腔韋榮氏球菌及普雷沃氏菌數量亦明顯較多。口腔和呼吸道相通，呼吸道感染能影響口腔微生物；而口腔微生物亦可改變呼吸道感染的風險。

清潔口腔減肺炎  口腔益生菌防感染

清潔口腔和維持健康口腔微生物，除了能預防牙周病等口腔問題，亦能減低肺炎風險。南韓有大型研究調查指出，有蛀牙的參與者患上肺炎的風險明顯較高;而有頻密刷牙習慣及到牙醫洗牙的參與者，肺炎風險明顯下降。日本亦有研究發現為肺炎入院的老人進行定期口腔護理，其康復較快、而留院日數亦明顯較短。

巴西有研究把60名新冠患者分成四組，分別以不同配方的漱口水如0.075%西吡氯銨(Cetylpyridinium chloride, CPC)加0.28%鋅、1.5%過氧化氫(HP雙氧水)、0.12%氯己定(Chlorhexidine,CHX)或蒸餾水漱口後，再於不同時間檢測其口水中的病毒量。結果發現CPC及HP漱口水在剛漱口後最能減低口腔病毒量(減少20.4及15.8倍)；CPC漱口水能在一小時後仍持續明顯較低病毒量(減少2.6倍) ，但HP漱口水只能維持半小時。而CHX漱口水剛漱口後雖只减低2.1倍，但效果能持續至半小時後的6.2倍及一小時後約4.2倍。印度亦有類似研究以漱口水減低口腔病毒量，每日三次,一周後使用漱口水的新冠患者表示病徵如咳嗽及喉嚨痛等都有改善。雖然漱口水能短暫減少口腔病毒量，但受感染細胞仍然會不斷製造新病毒，約兩小時後口腔病毒量便會回復漱口前水平。因此，維持健康口腔微生物生態可能比只清潔口腔更有效。

除了清潔口腔外，口腔益生菌如唾液鏈球菌K12 (Streptococcus salivarius K12) 對病毒感染或有幫助。它能依附在口腔上皮細胞上，除與引致發炎的害菌競爭以減低其傷害外，唾液鏈球菌K12亦能降低身體炎症因子(NF-KB)、增加干擾素(interferon)活化自然殺手細胞去抵禦病毒。在病毒肆虐其間，大家不妨在潔齒後先以殺菌漱口水漱口；至少三十分鐘後,再以含唾液鏈球菌K12的益生菌潔口液清新口腔及補充口腔益菌。維持口腔清新健康，對心情和免疫力都有幫助。

後記:中招喉痛難下嚥  益纖蛋白補充營養助恢復

最近不少新冠患者都有喉嚨痛的病徵；除了多喝水，唾液鏈球菌K12亦有抗炎作用。如因喉嚨痛而食不下嚥，可能會影響營養吸收而減慢康復進程。大家可以益纖蛋白加蜜糖沖水飲用，潤喉之餘亦能補充製造抗體及修復細胞的蛋白質和維持腸道健康的益生元，方便美味有益。

  

參考資料/延伸閱讀:

 

＜益生第一關＞2020/11/27--『口腔腸道益菌 預防改善秋冬呼吸道疾病』

https://hskgene.com/blogs/probiolife-first/winter_health

 

＜益生第一關＞2020/01/17--『抗病防疫 需内外兼備』

https://hskgene.com/blogs/probiolife-first/prevent-flu

 

＜益生第一關＞2020/07/24-『病從口入：口腔菌與呼吸道』

https://hskgene.com/blogs/probiolife-first/oral_microbiome_respiratory

  

＜益生第一關＞2020/01/31--『維持免疫 同心抗疫』

https://hskgene.com/blogs/probiolife-first/fight-against-flu-tgt

 

＜益生第一關＞2019/11/09--『抗菌新世代』

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Easy Reading:

口腔清潔不佳恐增染疫風險？醫教3招增強防疫力！ | 元氣網 | 08-10-2021

https://health.udn.com/health/story/5968/5660784

 

國外研究口腔保健差　染疫重症機率高　|國語日報社 | 11-07-2021

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Simple oral hygiene could help reduce COVID-19 severity – study | University of Birmingham| 04-21-2021

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Google Images:

新冠肺炎 牙周病   COVID-19 Periodontitis

 

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