精簡版於2021年12月31日晴報刊登
益生菌能改善腸道、調節免疫力等功能大家都知。除了這些功效外，亦有部份益生菌有其他特別效用。例如前文介紹關於腸腦軸及能改善兒童自閉症狀的植物乳桿菌PS128 (Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 ) ，在動物實驗中亦發現有不少與腸腦軸相關的功效。PS128是較新的益生菌株，十多年前由台灣團隊在客家傳統醃菜---福菜中發現。它有抗胃酸及膽鹼的特性；其安全性亦在動物及臨床實驗中證實，並獲得歐美、日本、中國等地的食用安全認證。PS128在前期動物實驗中發現其調節腦部的效用及機制，為後期的臨床研究奠定基礎。
植物乳桿菌PS128 舒緩腸道減痛感
腸道敏感是腸躁症(IBS)症狀，在自閉症患者中亦常見。有研究利用藥物(5-HTP)和物理方法，在沒有炎症的情況下誘發小鼠腸道敏感疼痛；再分別餵食兩組小鼠PS128和生理鹽水。由肌電圖及腦部有關痛覺的蛋白質顯示，服用PS128組別的小鼠的疼痛反應明顯較少、血液皮質酮(Corticosterone,小鼠的皮質醇)濃度明顯較低；神經傳導物質(Neurotransmitter)如CGRP、BDNF及NGF 等亦恢復至正常水平。可見PS128能調節神經反應及壓力賀爾蒙，而在其後的臨床測試中亦證實PS128能降低受試者唾液中的皮質醇(Cortisol)水平。
憂鬱焦慮壓力大 益生菌舒壓降皮質醇
亦有小鼠研究以母子分離模擬壓力，令剛出生小鼠出現憂鬱症狀，再分組餵食PS128和生理鹽水。結果發現服用PS128的小鼠在水中的求生時間及迷宮中央移動距離明顯較長、對喜愛糖水的興趣明顯恢復，反映其憂鬱及焦慮的症狀得以改善。服用PS128小鼠的血液皮質酮濃度明顯降低、腦部多巴胺(Dopamine)及血清素(Serotonin)水平亦有所調整。可見PS128能調控情緒賀爾蒙、舒緩壓力及改善憂鬱焦慮；亦於其後的臨床實驗中獲得證實。
腦退化神經壞死 益生菌護神經助平衡
腦部黑質(Substantia nigra)製造多巴胺的神經元退化及壞死是腦退化症的症狀之一；能導致患者產生行動控制障礙，如手顫、動作緩慢、容易失平衡等。有研究以神經毒素MPTP破壞小鼠的多巴胺神經元、模擬腦退化症狀，並分組餵食PS128或生理鹽水。結果發現服用PS128小鼠在爬竿的速度/活動力試驗及過高窄橫桿的平衡力試驗中的表現明顯較佳、腦部多巴胺神經元的數目亦明顯較多。顯示PS128能保護腦部多巴胺神經元，從而改善行動控制。其後亦有相關的腦退化症臨床實驗亦發現相似結果。
植物乳桿菌PS128以動物實驗為基礎,證實其調控情緒賀爾蒙、舒緩壓力及保護腦神經的功效。新推出的益緒寧富含300億植物乳桿菌PS128及菊苣纖維(Inulin)益生元，有助調節腸腦軸、改善情緒等。而有關PS128更多的臨床研究，敬請留意後續《益生第一關》再一一介紹。
參考資料/延伸閱讀:
＜益生第一關＞2021/12/17--『益生菌調理腸道 有助治療自閉症』
https://hskgene.com/blogs/probiolife-first/probiotics_and_autism
＜益生第一關＞2021/12/03 --『自閉症腸道相關 微生態有助改善』
https://hskgene.com/blogs/probiolife-first/autism
＜益生第一關＞2021/07/30 --『腸道大腦互影響 行為健康同維持』
https://hskgene.com/blogs/probiolife-first/gut-brain-axis-behavior
＜益生第一關＞2017/12/08---『腸道細菌影響大腦功能。大腦與第二大腦對話』
https://hskgene.com/blogs/probiolife-first/gut-brain-axis
＜益生第一關＞2016/06/09---『幸福從腸道開始』
＜益生第一關＞2018/05/25---『健康腸道菌 舒緩「腸易激」(二)』
https://hskgene.com/blogs/probiolife-first/irritable-bowel-syndrome-2
＜益生第一關＞2017/04/07--『健康腸道菌紓緩「腸易激」』
https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/1765890/%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E8%85%B8%
Easy Reading:
皮質醇過高不只老得快！失智、糖尿病7大健康風險和它有關|早安健康|2019-11-22
https://www.edh.tw/article/22925
壓力過大恐讓５種疾病跟著來! | Heho健康 |2020-06-06
https://today.line.me/tw/v2/article/nyppWo
後疫情時代 平衡腸道菌就能紓壓有活力 |健康醫療網|2020-12-11
https://www.healthnews.com.tw/news/article/48382
精神益生菌研究 有效緩解巴金森氏症症狀｜健康2.0|2019-07-05
https://health.tvbs.com.tw/medical/317180
客家料理常見的酸菜、福菜、梅乾菜，竟然是來自於同一種菜？ |食力foodNEXT| 04-18-2019
https://www.foodnext.net/life/culture/paper/5111307418
The Gut-Brain Connection: How it Works and The Role of Nutrition| Healthline|08-20-2020
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/gut-brain-connection#TOC_TITLE_HDR_5
Is Anxiety Making You Poop? Here’s How to Soothe Your Stomach|Healthline|03-09-2021
https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/is-anxiety-making-you-poop-heres-how-to-soothe
Stress, not diet, likely source of GI problems in children with autism|Healio| 07-14-2017
Dopamine and Parkinson's disease: What to know| Medical News Today| 06-01-2021
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/dopamine-parkinsons
Google images:
IBS autism IBS cortisol Parkinson's disease Dopamine
學術論文：
Chao S-H, Wu R-J, Watanabe K, Tsai Y-C. Diversity of lactic acid bacteria in suan-tsai and fu-tsai, traditional fermented mustard products of Taiwan. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2009;135: 203–210. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.07.032
Liao P-L, Wu C-C, Chen T-Y, Tsai Y-C, Peng W-S, Yang D-J, et al. Toxicity Studies of Lactobacillus plantarum PS128TM Isolated from Spontaneously Fermented Mustard Greens. Foods. 2019;8: E668. doi:10.3390/foods8120668
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31835837/
Liu W-H, Chuang H-L, Huang Y-T, Wu C-C, Chou G-T, Wang S, et al. Alteration of behavior and monoamine levels attributable to Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 in germ-free mice. Behavioural Brain Research. 2016;298: 202–209. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.10.046
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166432815302588
Liu Y-W, Liu W-H, Wu C-C, Juan Y-C, Wu Y-C, Tsai H-P, et al. Psychotropic effects of Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 in early life-stressed and naïve adult mice. Brain Research. 2016;1631: 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2015.11.018
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899315008628
Abdellatif B, McVeigh C, Bendriss G, Chaari A. The Promising Role of Probiotics in Managing the Altered Gut in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21: 4159. doi:10.3390/ijms21114159
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7312735/
Mensi MM, Rogantini C, Marchesi M, Borgatti R, Chiappedi M. Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 and Other Probiotics in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Real-World Experience. Nutrients. 2021;13: 2036. doi:10.3390/nu13062036
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8231766/
Liu Y-W, Liong MT, Chung Y-CE, Huang H-Y, Peng W-S, Cheng Y-F, et al. Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 on Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Taiwan: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2019;11: 820. doi:10.3390/nu11040820
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6521002/
Liu Y-W, Wang Y-P, Yen H-F, Liu P-Y, Tzeng W-J, Tsai C-F, et al. Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 Ameliorated Visceral Hypersensitivity in Rats Through the Gut–Brain Axis. Probiotics & Antimicro Prot. 2020;12: 980–993. doi:10.1007/s12602-019-09595-w
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12602-019-09595-w
Wu S-I, Wu C-C, Tsai P-J, Cheng L-H, Hsu C-C, Shan I-K, et al. Psychobiotic Supplementation of PS128TM Improves Stress, Anxiety, and Insomnia in Highly Stressed Information Technology Specialists: A Pilot Study. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2021;8: 130. doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.614105
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.614105/full
Liao J-F, Cheng Y-F, You S-T, Kuo W-C, Huang C-W, Chiou J-J, et al. Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 alleviates neurodegenerative progression in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced mouse models of Parkinson’s disease. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2020;90: 26–46. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.036
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159120305924
Ryczko D, Dubuc R. Dopamine and the Brainstem Locomotor Networks: From Lamprey to Human. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2017;11: 295. doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.0029
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2017.00295/full
Masato A, Plotegher N, Boassa D, Bubacco L. Impaired dopamine metabolism in Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis. Mol Neurodegeneration. 2019;14: 35. doi:10.1186/s13024-019-0332-6
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13024-019-0332-6
Lu C-S, Chang H-C, Weng Y-H, Chen C-C, Kuo Y-S, Tsai Y-C. The Add-On Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Study. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2021;8: 378. doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.650053
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.650053/full
You might also like...
芫茜祛味又抗菌 降壓健腸抗氧化
蘋果最好連皮吃 四季常吃保健康
